The Fastest Path

Does evolution have the fastest path to solve tricky problems? We believe the answer is yes. When it comes to tuning the R2R3Myb transcription factor responsible for producing anthocyanin pigments in the vacuoles of epidermal cells, we can identify an efficient path to achieve this.
Assuming the coding sequence for the protein structure is ready for use in a yellow flower, the first step is to activate the promoter and position the B6 motif (ear-motif) correctly. Next, we need to lengthen both the STRs in a poly TA sequence. If these polyTa strings form a hairpin structure that activates RNA polymerase II, we will have made significant progress.
At this point, we should also fine-tune the splicing motifs and, eventually, the coding sequence itself. Ultimately, we will arrive at a well-tuned R2R3MYB transcription factor that fulfills its role. If we were to rely on a mutation-selection approach, we would never reach our goal; it would be a Sisyphean task. - Instead, we can believe in the principles of quantum physics—by utilizing stored energy, we can achieve our objectives in a fraction of a human lifespan - the flower will be red from now on.

Remember thermodynamics. The new functional structure must exist at an energetic saddle point to achieve greater order and stability, thereby converting stored energy into heat.

Phase spaces illustrating the fastest path (tr ->) for Diplacus longiflorus flowers

 merging into the dark velvet red Diplacus rutilus flowers.

12-30-25 rolfy